0-9
*69
Identifies the last missed incoming call. Learn more.
10BaseT
An Ethernet LAN that works on twisted-pair wiring that is similar to telephone cable.
2B1Q (Two Binary, One Quaternary)
2-wire
Two-wire loops support loop-start, ground-start, loop reverse-battery or customer-provided inband signaling.
4-wire
Four-wire loops support duplex signaling in addition to all of the same capabilities as 2-wire loops.
5ESS
A digital central office switching system made by Alcatel-Lucent, typically used to serve local subscribers.
500 Access Service
Telephone service using a non-geographic area code that allows the customer to define a sequence of telephone numbers for forwarding calls to him.
56 Kbps
The fastest modem speed supported by a dial up modem.
64 Kbps
The standard speed for a DDS private line digital service.
800 Number Portability
Allows an end user to retain a given 800 telephone number when changing to another long distance carrier.
800 Service
Also known as 'WATS' service (Wide Area Telecommunications Service), uses 800 or 888 as prefix and provides toll free service to the user dialing the number.
911 Service
A universal telephone number that gives the public direct access to the Public Safety Answering Point for emergency calls. Basic 911 service collects 9-1-1 calls from one or more local exchange switches that serve a geographic area, and sends each call to the appropriate designated authority. Also known as E-911 service.
A
Acceptance Limit (AL)
The maximum margin, value, or deviation that is allowed at service turn-up or end user acceptance.
Access
- The method, time, circuit, or facility used to enter the network.
- The service provided by local exchange carriers or alternate access providers that connects an Interexchange carrier with its customers. There are two kinds of access services:
- Switched access -- Provides such service over the Public Switched Telephone Network
- Special access service-- Provides dedicated access for private line services or sometimes at the closed end of switched services.
Access Charge
A charge billed to Interexchange Carriers for the origination and termination of interexchange calls through a Local Exchange Carrier (LEC).
Access Code
A short sequence of digits assigned by a telephone service provider to an individual customer to provide access to a specific service, feature or function of a telecommunications network or computer system. The five-digit code (used for call destinations within the United States) has the form 10XXX; the seven-digit code (used for international call destinations) has the form 101XXXX or 950-XXXX.
Access Carrier (or Customer) Name Abbreviation (ACNA)
A three-character code assigned to each Interexchange Carrier; designates the customer to which circuits are billed.
Access Line
The portion of a telephone line between the end user's location and the telephone service provider's central office. Also called local loop, subscriber loop or local line.
Access/Local Tandem Switch
Switching systems that concentrate and distribute traffic originating from or terminating at end offices in the access/local service area. See tandem switch.
Access Method
- The method by which networked stations determine when they can transmit data on a shared transmission medium.
- Software within an SNA processor that controls the flow of information through a network.
Access Minutes
The elapsed time, figured in minutes, between the start of an access attempt and successful access.
Access Rate
The transmission speed, in bits per second, of the physical access circuit between the end user and the network.
Access Service Ordering Guidelines (ASOG)
Industry guidelines for issuing Access Service Requests (ASRs), as sponsored by the Ordering and Billing Forum (OBF) and the Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS). These guidelines outline the forms, data elements and the business rules necessary to create an Access Service Request.
Access Tandem
Switching system that concentrates and distributes traffic originating from or terminating at end offices in the access/local service area. See tandem switch.
Access Tandem Connection (ATC)
The interconnection between a Verizon tandem switch and another service provider's switching entity/Point of Interface over which local traffic, EAS or IntraLATA traffic may flow to and from the end offices subtending the interconnection tandem switch.
Address Table
A table stored in routers, bridges and switches that enables these devices to know where on the network to forward information.
Adjustment
A correction (often in the form of a credit) made to a customer's account when billing errors have been properly documented.
ADSL
Advanced Intelligent Network (AIN)
A telephone network architecture that adds advanced computer intelligence to the telephone system. AIN supports advanced telecommunications features such as voice recognition.
Verizon Advantage Pack
Package of local and regional calling services with discounts on voice messaging services.
Affiliate
As defined in the Telecommunications Act of 1996, a person or entity that (directly or indirectly) owns or controls a telecommunications company, is owned or controlled by, or is under common ownership or control with, another person or entity.
AIN
AIN Query
Advanced Intelligent Network query capability on a Verizon AIN.
Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS)
Trade group for telecommunications carriers, resellers, manufacturers and providers of enhanced services. ATIS s heavily involved in standards issues including interconnection and interoperability issues.
Alternate Billed Call (ABC)
A call originating on one line and charged to another, using collect, bill-to-third (Third Number) or calling card.
Alternate Exchange Carrier Name (AECN)
A unique identifier for a CLEC.
Alternate Mark Inversion (AMI)
A DS1 line code that does not perform zero code suppression and is therefore transparent to an all-zeros byte.
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
An organization that certifies standards developed by a wide variety of industry groups. ANSI does not create standards, but rather consolidates those which have been created by other organizations.
Analog Transmission
The traditional telephone technology (for voice transmission) in which sound waves (or other data) are converted into electrical impulses of varying strength or amplitude.
Ancillary Telecommunications Services
Subordinate, supplementary and subcomponent characteristics and capabilities of telecommunications services that are made available to Enhanced Service Providers by Local Exchange Carriers. An example of an ancillary service is protocol conversion.
ANI
Area Code
Also known as a Numbering Plan Area (NPA). A three-digit code that identifies the local calling area.
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL)
A transmission technology that transmits an asymmetric digital signal using one of a variety of line codes as specified in the ANSI standard. ADSL technology enables data transmission over existing copper wiring at data rates several hundred times faster than analog modems, providing for simultaneous delivery of voice, video and data. See Verizon High Speed Internet for Business.
Asynchronous Protocol
A type of transmission in which information is sent at random, at any speed with no routing information.
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Network Service is a form of 'fast packet' switching service for high speed networks which require flexible bandwidth, high-performance transport and switching for connectivity between and among widely distributed customer locations. Learn more.
ATM
ATM Forum
A telecommunications industry organization that focuses on the development, standardization and deployment of ATM products.
Automatic Location Identification/Data Management System (ALI/DMS)
The Verizon emergency services (E911/911) database that contains customer location information (including name, address, telephone number, and sometimes special information from the local service provider). This information is used to process subscriber access records into Automatic Location Identification (ALI) records, which are used in response to 9-1-1 calls. Verizon uploads records from this database to the ALI Gateway for downloading by local ALI database systems. The selective router ALI (SR/ALI) uses these records to determine the appropriate Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP) for routing emergency calls.
Automatic Number Identification (ANI)
The number transmitted through the network that identifies the calling party. Technically, a Common Channel Inter-office Signaling (CCIS) parameter that refers to the number transmitted on an out-of-band basis through the SS7 signaling network identifying the calling party's telephone number. Also known as Calling Party Number (CPN).
Auxiliary Interconnection
An interconnection between a Verizon switch and another service provider's switching entity/Point of Interface for the provisioning of ancillary services such as Operator Services.
B
B Channel
See Bearer Channel.
Backbone
High-capacity network infrastructure; the part that carries the heaviest traffic. The backbone is also that part of the network that joins LANs together - either inside a building or across a country. LANs are connected to the backbone by bridges and/or routers ; the backbone serves as a communications highway for LAN-to-LAN traffic.
Backplane
The high-speed communications line to which individual components are connected.
Backward Explicit Congestion Notification (BECN)
A bit in the frame relay header.
Bandwidth
The common measure of transmission capacity. For analog transmission, it is measured in cycles per second; for digital transmission, it is measured in bits per second.
Bandwidth on Demand Inter-Operability Group (BONDING)
An industry working group that develops common control and synchronization standards needed to manage high-speed data as it travels through the public switched telephone network (PSTN). These standards are for DS0 inverse multiplexing and switched services.
Baseband
Transmission scheme in which the entire bandwidth or data-carrying capacity, of a medium (such as a coaxial cable) is used to carry a single digital pulse, or signal, between multiple users. Because digital signals are not modulated, only one kind of data can be transmitted at a time.
Basic Rate ISDN (BRI)
A 2-wire line-side local switching system port that uses the 2B1Q line code at a 160 kilobit per second rate to transport overhead and up to two B channels and one D channel.
Basic Service
A telecommunications service limited to local switching and transmission.
Basic Service Element (BSE)
An Open Network Architecture term. BSEs are telecommunications services that enhanced service providers could get from their service provider. There are four general categories of BSE: Switching, signaling, transmission and network management.
Basic Serving Arrangement (BSA)
An Open Network Architecture term that defines the relationship between an enhanced service provider (ESP) and the service provider providing the telephone lines. It includes, for example, the basic interconnection access arrangement to the PSTN, the features and functions associated with that access link, and the transport service (switched or dedicated). Generally, the ESP may choose service elements from various alternatives.
Basic Trading Area (BTA)
Geographic boundaries that segment the United States for licensing purposes. BTAs are based on Rand McNally's Commercial Atlas & Marketing Guide. BTA boundaries follow county lines and include the county or counties whose residents make the bulk of their purchases in that area. The FCC uses BTAs to license a number of services, including Personal Communications Services. See also Major Trading Area.
Baud
A measure of the speed of transmission of data; the number of elements transmitted per second.
Baudot
A seven-bit code that is used by some text messaging telephone services.
Beacon
Token ring frame signaling that the ring is inoperative because of a serious error such as defective cable or faulty nodes.
Beta Test
The stage at which a new product is tested under actual usage conditions. (Alpha testing is conducted in-house.)
BGP
Billing Account Number (BAN)
The primary telephone number used for billing regardless of the number of lines associated with that number.
Billing Name and Address (BNA)
The name and address used for billing.
Billing Telephone Number (BTN)
The ten-digit number, including the area code, to which charges for a given telephone service are billed.
Bipolar Eight Zero Substitution (B8ZS)
A DS1 line code that performs zero code suppression by replacing an all-zeros byte with a special pattern of ones and zeros that contains two consecutive bipolar violations.
Bipolar Violation (BPV)
The presence of two consecutive "one" bits of the same polarity on a T1 facility.
Bit
The smallest unit of information in the binary system of notation.
Bit Rate
The speed at which digital signals are transmitted, usually expressed in bits per second (bps).
Bit Seven (BIT7)
A TR008 DS1 line code that performs zero code suppression by placing a one in bit 7 of an all-zeros byte.
Blockage
The number of calls out of 100 attempts that meet delays in finding access.
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
Protocol for communications between a router in one autonomous system and routers in another.
Bridge
A device that connects and passes data packets between two network segments.
Bridge Router
A device that can provide the functions of a bridge, router or both concurrently. A bridge/router can route one or more protocols, such as TCP/IP and/or XNS, and bridge all other traffic.
Broadband
A data-transmission scheme in which multiple signals share the bandwidth of a medium such as fiber-optic cable. This allows the transmission of voice, data and video signals over a single medium; for example, cable television uses broadband to deliver dozens of channel signals over a single cable.
Broadband Facility
A transmission facility that has a capacity greater than a voice grade line; for example, a broadband facility can carry numerous voice, video and data channels simultaneously.
Broadband Inter-Carrier Interface (BICI)
A carrier-to-carrier interface line PNNI (private network-to-network interface) that is needed because carriers do not permit their switches to share routing information or detailed network maps with their competition's equipment. NOTE: BICI supports permanent virtual circuits between carriers; however, the ATM Forum is currently addressing switched virtual circuits.
Business Call Answering
One of Verizon's Voice Messaging options for businesses. Learn more.
Business Links Rewardssm
Verizon's Business Linksm Rewards is a free rewards program for business customers that gives bonus credits for every dollar spent on qualifying local and regional toll services when the total monthly Verizon bill exceeds $125. Bonus credits are earned after other discounts have been applied. Learn more.
Business/Residence Indicator
A code that identifies the end-user service type (business or residence).
Busy Redial
When reaching a busy signal, Automatic Busy Redial will store and redial the last number you dialed. Once the line is free, Busy Redial alerts you with a distinctive ring and connects you automatically. Learn more.
Bypass Mode
Operating mode on FDDI and token ring networks where an interface has de-inserted from the ring.
C
Cable Entrance Facility
The entrance area in a central office for all types of outside plant cables that carry subscriber lines and interoffice transmission facilities.
Caller ID
Displays the caller's name and telephone number on a display device, so you'll know who is calling before you answer. Learn more.
Caller ID — Number Only
Displays the caller's telephone number on a display device, so you'll know who is calling before you answer. Learn more.
Call Forwarding
Call Forwarding allows you select the telephone number where you would like all your calls to be forwarded — cell, home, or another number in your office. Learn more.
Call Forwarding - Busy
Callers will automatically be transferred to a pre-selected telephone number so someone else can answer the call for you. Learn more.
Call Forwarding — Busy/Don't Answer
Callers are automatically transferred when your line is busy or when you are not available to answer. Calls are forwarded to a phone number you designate, whether home, another office location or answering service. Learn more.
Call Forwarding — Don't Answer
Callers will be automatically transferred to a pre-selected telephone number when you can't answer the telephone so someone else can take the call. Learn more.
Call Forwarding Fixed — Busy
Callers will automatically be transferred to a pre-selected telephone number* so someone else can answer the call for you. Learn more.
Calling Party Number (CPN)
The number transmitted through the network that identifies the calling party. Technically, a Common Channel Inter-office Signaling (CCIS) parameter that refers to the number transmitted on an out-of-band basis through the SS7 signaling network identifying the calling party's telephone number. Also known as Automatic Number Identification (ANI).
Call Region ID Indicator
The geographic name that identifies the region of calling plan usage.
Call Waiting ID
Alerts you of a new incoming call if you're already on the line, showing you the name and/or number of the person trying to reach you. Since you'll know the identity of your second caller, you can choose whether to answer the new call or continue with your current conversation. Learn more.
Campus Area Network (CAN)
A network that provides interconnection in a confined geographic area such as a campus or industrial park. Such networks operate over fairly short distances, and do not require public rights-of-way.
CAN
CAP
Caption Listing
A package of directory listings for an end user with multiple listings under the same name.
Carrier Identification Code (CIC)
A unique three- or four-digit access identification code that is assigned by Telcordia Technologies for use with certain switched access services. The CIC identifies the caller's long distance carrier.
Carrier Working Group (CWG)
An Industry Forum that is chaired rotationally by CLECs and ILECs; its charge is to provide guidelines for carrier-to-carrier performance metrics in the state of New York.
Casual Usage
Usage dialed using a calling card or by dialing the prefix, 1010XXX.
CBR
CCSN
CCS/SS7
CDDI
Cell
- Unit of data packet transmission.
- A geographical unit with mobile telephone system transmission channels assigned to a particular mobile (wireless) telephone service provider.
Cell Relay
Network transmission format that uses small data packets of the same size, called cells. The cells are fixed length, and can be transmitted at very high rates.
Cell Relay Service
A carrier service that supports the receipt and transmission of ATM cells between end users in compliance with ATM standards and implementation specifications.
Cell Transfer Delay (CTD)
ATM performance parameter that specifies the average transit delay of cells between a source and destination over a given virtual circuit.
Cellular Telephone System
A high-capacity land-based mobile (also known as wireless) telephone system wherein channels assigned to the system are divided among several geographical cells covering a defined service area. A cellular system is capable of reusing the same channels in different cells within the service area. Use of many small cells with low transmitter powers permits intensive reuse of channels in a given area, thereby increasing system capacity.
Central Automatic Message Accounting (CAMA)
A process using centrally located equipment, associated with a tandem or a toll switching office, for automatically recording billing data for end-user customer dialed calls originating from several local central offices.
Central Office (CO)
Verizon building where end users' lines are joined to switching equipment that connects other end users to each other, both locally and via long distance carriers. The central office contains the associated inside plant network elements required to perform this function, such as distribution frames, interoffice facility termination points, and so on. Also known as End Office and Entity.
Central Office Code, CO Code, NXX, NXX Code
The three digit switch entity indicator which is defined by the D, E, and F digits of a 10-digit telephone number. Each NXX code contains 10,000 station numbers. Historically, entire NXX code blocks have been assigned to specific individual local exchange end office switches.
Central Office Distribution Frame
The primary point at which outside plant facilities terminate within a wire center for interconnection to other telecommunications facilities within the wire center. Also known as Main Distribution Frame (MDF).
Central Office Prefix
The first three digits (NXX) of a seven-digit telephone number under which up to 10,000 telephone numbers are grouped; exchange area boundaries are associated with the central office code. Several central office codes may be served by a single central office switching system.
Central Office Switch (or Switch)
Often referred to as the switch, the telephone company facility that connects subscribers to each other, locally and long distance. CO switches include the following:- End Office Switches, Class 5 switches from which end-user Exchange Services are directly connected and offered
- Tandem Office Switches, Class 4 switches that are used to connect and switch trunk circuits between and among central office switches
Centrex
A class of central office service that provides the equivalent of PBX service from a telephone company switching system. Permits station-to-station dialing, direct inward dialing to a particular station, and station identification on outgoing calls. Centrex® provides a direct line for each employee and a customizable package of business communications features without the financial and hardware demands of a stand-alone office telephone system. Learn more. Also see CustoPAK®.
Channel
An electrical or photonic (for fiber optic based systems) communication path between two or more points of termination.
Channel Service Unit (CSU)
Equipment that performs one or more of the following functions: termination of a digital facility; regeneration of digital signals; detection and/or correction of signal format error; and remote loopback.
CIR
Circuit
A two-way communication path.
Circuit Code
The specific Interexchange Carrier trunk group that is required to carry the call for SS7 messages.
Circuit Emulation
A connection over a virtual circuit-based network that provides service to end users that is indistinguishable from a real, point-to-point, fixed-bandwidth circuit.
Circuit Switching
Switching system in which a dedicated physical circuit path exists between sender and receiver for the duration of the call. Used heavily in service provider company networks, circuit switching is often contrasted with contention and token passing as a channel-access method, and with message switching and packet switching as a switching technique.
CLEC
CLLI
CLLI Code
11-character code that identifies the wire center from which a call originated.
Closed End
The end of a switched access service that receives ringing and dial tone, and transmits address signals.
C-Message Noise
The frequency-weighted, short-term average noise within an idle channel. Frequency weighting, called C-message, is used to account for the variations in 500-type telephone set transducer efficiency and end user annoyance to tones as a function of frequency.
C-Message Weighting
A noise measurement factor.
CMRS
C-Notched Noise
The C-message frequency-weighted noise on a channel with a holding tone that is removed at the measuring end through a notch (very narrow band) filter.
CO
See Central Office.
CO Code, Central Office Code, NXX, NXX Code
The three-digit switch entity indicator which is defined by the "D", "E", and "F" digits of a 10-digit telephone number within the North American Numbering Plan. Each NXX code contains 10,000 station numbers. Historically, entire NXX code blocks have been assigned to specific individual local exchange end office switches.
Coaxial Cable
A transmission line in which one conductor is a wire at the center of the cable; the other conductor surrounds the center wire with a layer of insulating material between them. Coaxial cable can transmit greater bandwidth than twisted pair (TP) wires.
Collapsed Backbone
A non-distributed backbonevin which all network segmentsvare interconnected via an internetworking device. A collapsed backbone may be a virtual network segment that exists in a device such as a hub, a router, or a switch.
Collocation
An arrangement whereby the facilities of one party (the Collocating Party) are terminated with the equipment necessary to provide interconnection or access to the network elements offered by the second Party. This equipment is installed and maintained at the premises of the second Party (the Housing Party). All such services and facilities used for Collocated Interconnection are for carriage of non-switched interstate traffic. For purposes of Collocation, the premises of a Housing Party are described as a Housing Party Wire Center, other mutually agreed-upon locations of the Housing Party, or any other location for which Collocation has been ordered by the FCC or the state Commission. Verizon provides Collocation housing under terms, rates, and conditions as described in tariffs filed with the FCC and Commissions.
Collocation may be physical or virtual. For physical collocation, the Collocating Party installs and maintains its own equipment in the Housing Party's premises. For virtual collocation, the Housing Party owns, installs, and maintains equipment that is purchased by the Collocating Party, located in the Housing Party's premises, and dedicated to use by the Collocating Party.
Commercial Mobile Radio Service (CMRS)
A radio communication service between mobile stations or receivers and land stations, or by mobile stations communicating among themselves, that is provided for profit, and that makes interconnected service available to the public.
Commission (or State Commission, or Public Service Commission)
Any applicable state regulatory body having jurisdiction over telecommunications carriers.
Committed Information Rate (CIR)
The specified transport speed that a frame relay network will maintain between service locations.
Common Carrier
A telecommunications company that provides communication transmission services, such as telephone and telegraph, to the public. The local telephone service provider is an example of a common carrier.
Common Channel Inter-office Signaling (CCIS)
A transmitting method for network facilities that carry the actual voice or data traffic of the call.
Common Channel Signaling (CCS)
High-speed specialized packet-switched communications that is separate (out-of-band) from the public packet-switched and message networks; protocol used on the CCS/SS7 network.
Common Channel Signaling Access Connection (CCSAC)
Connection of one party's signaling point of interconnection to the other party's signal transfer point for the exchange of SS7 messages.
Common Channel Signaling Network (CCSN)
A high-speed specialized packet-switched communications network that is separate (out-of-band) from the public packet-switched and message networks. Carries addressed signaling messages for individual trunk circuits and/or database-related services. The network was developed by the Consultative Committee for International Telephone and Telegraph (CCITT) and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).
Common Channel Signaling System 7 (CCS/SS7)
CCS/SS7 carries addressed signaling messages for individual trunk circuits and/or database-related services between signaling points in the CCS network using the SS7 signaling protocol.
Common Language Location Identifier (CLLI)
11-character code that identifies the wire center from which a call originated.
Common Line
A line, trunk, pay telephone line, or other facility provided under the local general service tariffs of the ILEC, terminated on a central office switch. A common line-residence is a line or trunk provided under the residence regulations of the local general services tariffs. A common line-business is a line provided under the business regulations of the local general services tariffs.
Competitive Access Provider (CAP)
Common carriers that provide local service. These companies compete with local telephone service providers to provide access services that connect end-users to long distance companies (Interexchange Carriers).
Competitive Local Exchange Carrier (CLEC)
Any company or person authorized to provide local exchange services in competition with an ILEC. A CLEC provides similar or identical telecommunications services to the ILEC.
Concatenation
A mechanism for allocating very large amounts of bandwidth for transport of a payload associated with a 'superrate service', which is a service at a transmission rate greater than the normal maximum rate of OC-1. The set of bits in the payload is treated as a single entity, as opposed to being treated as separate bits or bytes or time slots. The payload, therefore, is accepted, multiplexed, switched, transported and delivered as a single, contiguous chunk of payload data.
Conditioning
The adjustment of the electrical characteristics of transmission lines to improve their performance for specific uses. Conditioning involves the tuning of the line or addition/deletion of equipment to improve its transmission characteristics.
Congestion
Excessive network traffic.
Congestion Control
Network management effort to control traffic flow so that switches and end-stations are not overwhelmed with information because of excessive network traffic.
Constant Bit Rate (CBR)
Delay-intensive applications such as video and voice, that must be digitized and represented by a continuous bit stream. CBR traffic requires guaranteed levels of service and throughput.
Conventional Signaling
The inter-machine signaling system that has been traditionally used in North America for the purpose of transmitting the called number's address digits (telephone number) from the originating end office to the switching machine that will terminate the call. In this system, all dialed digits are received by the originating switching machine, a path is selected, and the sequence of supervisory signals and outpulsed digits is initiated. No overlap outpulsing, ten-digit Automatic Number Identification (ANI), information digits, or acknowledgment wink are included in this signaling sequence.
Copper Distributed Data Interface (CDDI)
A version of FDDI that runs on copper twisted-pair wires, rather than on fiber
CPE
Cross Connection
A connection provided to a Collocator at the digital system cross connect, main distribution frame or other frame or panel between the CLEC’s equipment and equipment or facilities owned by Verizon.
CSU
CTD
CustoFLEX 2100
Verizon's CustoFLEX 2100 system is a central office-based, full featured, voice communications service. Central office-based means all equipment required to operate the system is in the Verizon central office. Learn more. See also Centrex®, CustoPAK®.
Custom Local Area Signaling Services (CLASS)
A generic term describing several local service offerings such as incoming-call identification, call trace, call blocking, automatic return of the most recent incoming call, automatic re-dial, selective call forwarding, etc.
Customer Premise Equipment (CPE)
Telephone terminating equipment, such as handsets, PBXs, and modems located on the customer's premises and connected to the phone service provider network.
CustoPAK®
CustoPAK® is an advanced, flexible telephone system ideal for small businesses with a minimum of two employees. It turns existing single or multi-line telephones into an efficient business communications system with direct lines and customizable features for each employee. Learn more. See also Centrex.
Cutover
Physical changing of lines from one system to another, usually at the time of a new system installation.
D
D Channel
The D channel is a packet-switched channel that carries signaling and control for B channels. In Basic Rate ISDN (BRI) applications, it can also support customer packet data traffic at speeds up to 9.6 kilobits per second.
Data Communication Equipment (DCE)
Devices and connections, such as printers or modems, of a communications network; connect the communication circuit between the data source and destination. See Data Terminal Equipment (DTE).
Data Local Exchange Carrier (DLEC)
A carrier that primarily transports data with no voice grade services.
Data Service Unit or Digital Service Unit (DSU)
Device that connects data terminal equipment (such as a personal computer or a LAN) to a digital telephone line to allow fully digital communications; in effect, the digital equivalent of a modem.
Data Terminal Equipment (DTE)
Refers to devices such as personal computers or data terminals, as opposed to Data Communications Equipment (DCE) such as printers or modems.
DB
See decibel.
DBm
A unit used to express power level in decibels relative to one milliwatt.
DBm0
A unit used to express power level referred to, or measured at, a zero transmission level point (0TLP).
DBrn
A unit used to express noise power relative to one picowatt measured with C-message weighting.
DBrnC
A unit used to express noise power relative to one picowatt measured with C-message weighting.
DBrnC0
A unit used to express noise power in dBrnC referred to, or measured at, a zero transmission level point (0TLP).
DCE
Decibel (dB)
The logarithmic unit of signal power ratio most commonly used in telephony. It is used to express the relationship between two signal powers, usually between two acoustic, electric, or optical signals.
Dedicated LAN
Network segment allocated to a single device. Used in LAN switched network topologies.
Dedicated Line
- A communications circuit or channel provided for the exclusive use of a particular subscriber. Dedicated lines are used for computers when large amounts of data need to be moved between points. Also known as a private line.
- A transmission circuit installed between two sites of a private network; it is "open," or available, at all times.
Dedicated SONET Ring
A private dedicated fiber-based optical ring service. Learn more.
Default Route
Entry in a routing table that can redirect any frames for which the table has no definitive listing for the next hop.
Delay
Amount of time a call spends waiting to be processed.
Destination Point Code (DPC)
The part of a routing label that identifies where an SS7 signaling message should be sent.
Dial Pulse (DP)
A type of switched access line address signaling that uses rapid loop open and loop closure signals (pulses) to indicate the digit being dialed. The digits, 1 through 9, are represented by a defined number of pulses; the digit zero is represented by ten pulses.
Dial Up
A type of communication that is established by a switched-circuit connection using the telephone network.
Dialing Parity
A property of a dialing plan under which all end users dial the same number of digits regardless of which competing carrier is selected to provide transport. Under a plan that provides dialing parity, end users do not have to dial extra digits to use the service of a non-dominant carrier. For example, if a Verizon end user must dial 11 digits (10 +1) to make an intraLATA toll call from community A to community B, a competing carrier's intraLATA toll end user must also be able to make the call by dialing 11 digits.
DID
Digital or Digitized
Any type of information that can be output, transmitted and interpreted as individual bits of binary information (the use of the numbers 0 and 1), using electrical or electronmagnetic signals that can be modulated to convey their specific content.
Digital Certificate
An electronic identifier that ensures a Certification Authority, such as Verizon, that a computer requesting access to specific applications has been verified, registered and secured via message encryption, by Verizon Security.
Digital Cross-Connect System Functionality (DCS, DSX)
Functionality that provides electronic cross connection for individual constituent digital signals within a high-speed digital line. There are two unbundled types of DCS available: Narrowband and Wideband. In both cases, the DCS functions are: demultiplexing an incoming higher-rate, electronic digital line into its constituent signals and switching those signals via the matrix to a different time slot on an outgoing higher-rate line. The combination of these functions allows for aggregation, grooming and redistribution of traffic in order to increase network use and efficiency.
Digital Data Service
Low-cost, digital connections for transmitting simultaneous two-way synchronous data at speeds of 2.4, 4.8, 9.6, 19.2, 56 and 64 Kbps.
Digital Signal 0 (DS0)
A Special Access Service offering a 64 Kbps high-bandwidth dedicated circuit that delivers quality that typically can't be duplicated with unconditioned analog circuits.
Digital Signal 1 (DS1)
A Special Access Service that provides virtually error-free voice, video and data transmission at speeds up to 1.544 Mbps.
Digital Signal 3 (DS3)
A Special Access Service comparable to having 672 voice-grade channels capable of handling multiple data streams in high volume at speeds up to 44.736 Mbps (commonly referred to as a 45 Megabit channel).
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
A generic name for a group of enhanced speed digital services provided by telephone service providers. DSL services run on twisted-pair wires; they carry both voice and data. See also Verizon High Speed Internet for Business.
Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer (DSLAM)
Technology that concentrates traffic in ADSL implementations. Located in the central office.
Digital Switch
A computer that electronically switches digitally encoded messages through the telephone network. Operates faster, more efficiently and more flexibly than an analog switch.
Digital Transmission
A mode of transmission in which all information is transmitted in digital form as a serial stream of pulses. Sound waves and other information are converted into binary computer code (a series of 0s and 1s) and transmitted to the end point. At the end point, binary code is converted back into the original format. Digital transmission provides sharper, clearer, faster transmission than analog transmission.
Digital Two-Wire Link or Loop
Provides an enhanced channel equivalent to a two-wire loop less than 18,000 feet with total bridge tap less than 6,000 feet from an end user's premises to a point of interconnection in Verizon's central office.
Digital Unbundled Port Services (DUPS)
An element, not bundled with a loop or transport facility, which provides digital access to the functionality of a local switching system.
Direct Current (DC)
The uni-directional flow or movement of electric charge carriers (which are usually electrons) through a conducting material such as a metal wire.
Direct Inward Dial (DID)
Connects incoming calls to a specific PBX extension without the assistance of an attendant. Telephone numbers can be assigned in groups of 20 or 100 in most areas.
Direct Trunked Transport
Transport of Switched Access Service over facilities dedicated to the use of a single Interexchange Carrier, without switching at the tandem, either between the serving wire center and the end office, or between two Interexchange Carrier designated telephone service provider offices.
Directory
A database for end user Directory Listing information. Directories are offered in book form as well as via Web based applications.
Directory Assistance
A service that provides end user Directory Listing information to customer.isting information. Directories are offered in book form as well as via Web based applications.
Directory Listing
A standard directory listing includes the name, address and telephone number of an organization/firm/individual.
Direct Outward Dialing
Enables one or more lines in a PBX number group to make direct outgoing calls without an attendant's assistance.
Disaster Recovery
The pre-defined use of alternative network circuits to re-establish communications channels in the event that primary channels are disconnected or malfunctioning.
Dispatch In/ Dispatch Out (DI/DO)
Refers to the source of a reported trouble on a telephone circuit: Dispatch In signifies the problem is likely within the central office and that an inside technician may be assigned to troubleshoot and fix the problem; Dispatch Out signifies the problem is likely on the loop portion of the circuit and that an outside technician has been assigned the problem.
Distinctive Ring - 1 Number
Lets a user receive calls for two different telephone numbers on the same line. Each telephone number has a unique ring tone to alert you which number has been called. Learn more.
Distinctive Ring - 2 Number
Lets a user receive calls for three different telephone numbers on the same line. Each telephone number has a unique ring tone to alert you which number has been called. Learn more.
DLEC
DOD
DS0
DS1
DS3
DS3 Loop
A two-point digital channel which provides for simultaneous two-way transmission of serial, bipolar, return-to-zero isochronous digital electrical signals at a rate of 44.736 Mbps + 20 ppm.
DS-1 Message Trunk (DS1MT)
A digital trunk-side port of a local switching system that operates at 1.544 megabits per second and is channelized to provide twenty-four 64 kilobits per second or 56 kilobits per second for the message telecommunications network.
DSU
Digital System Cross-Connect (DSX) Panel or Frame
A bay or panel to which high-speed lines such as T-1 lines are attached. Used in small office applications where only a few digital trunks are installed, a DSX permits cross connections.
DTE
Dual Homing
Where a device is connected to the network via two independent access points (points of attachment). One access point is the primary connection; the other is a standby connection that is activated in the event the primary connection fails.
Dual Tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF)
A type of switched access line address signaling that uses two tones transmitted simultaneously to indicate a digit (0 to 9) or character (* or #).
Duplex Signaling
A type of Direct Current (DC) signaling that employs symmetrical and balanced signaling equipment at each end of the loop. One simplex conductor of the 4-wire loop is used for signaling and the other simplex conductor is used for ground potential compensation.
E
E-911 Service
An emergency call service that routes 911 calls to a Public Safety Answering Point.
EAS
Echo Return Loss (ERL)
A frequency-weighted measure of return loss over the middle of the voiceband (approximately 560 to 1965 Hz) where talker echo is most annoying.
EDI
EGP
Electronic Bonding (EB)
An electronic interface that allows a local exchange carrier's (LEC's) customer to connect their Operations Support Systems (OSS) with the LEC's OSS in support of specific customer network management system, such as Trouble Administration.
Electronic Commerce
A set of services which enable the secure exchange of electronic funds via the internet. Generally, E-Commerce is referred to in relation to websites that promote products and services for immediate sale.
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
Industry standard method of electronically exchanging data such as orders, invoices, etc. between two different locations or organizations.
Email (or E-Mail)
An abbreviation for electronic mail, which is a network service that allows users to send and receive messages via computer. The Internet and common message protocols makes it possible to send and receive email messages worldwide.
End Office (EO)
- A central office to which a telephone end user is connected; the final central office before the end user's telephone.
- The central office trunking/switching entity where telephone loops are terminated for purposes of interconnection to each other and to the network.
End Office Connection (EOC)
The interconnection between a Verizon end office and another service provider's switching entity/Point of Interface, over which traffic may flow between the end office and its remotes, and the other service provider's switching entity/Point of Interface.
End Office Switch
A local exchange carrier switching system, where telephone exchange service customer station loops are terminated for purposes of interconnection to trunks. In the case of a Remote Switching Module, the term, End Office Switch, designates the combination of the Remote Switching Module and its host.
End User
Any customer of a telecommunications service that is not a carrier, except for the following exceptions:
- A carrier other than a telephone service provider is considered to be an "end user," when the carrier uses a telecommunications service for administrative purposes.
- A person or entity that offers telecommunications services exclusively as a Reseller is considered to be an "end user" if all resale transmissions offered by the reseller originate on the premises of the reseller.
Enhanced Service Provider
Provider of a broad range of computer applications that use the telecommunications network. These applications include information retrieval, database services, packet switching and others.
Enterprise Network
A geographically dispersed network under the auspices of one organization.
Entrance Facility
Point of interconnection between the local exchange carrier's (LEC) Rate Demarcation Point and the external carrier's Point of Presence(POP).
Entry Switch
The first telephone service provider location at which switching occurs on the terminating path of a call originating from the customer premises to the terminating end office. Also, the last telephone service provider location at which switching occurs. Also known as First Point of Switching.
Equal Access
As defined by the Modified Final Judgment, a uniform method by which Interexchange Carriers are accessed by end-users.
Erlang Forecast
An engineering formula for forecasting capacity for required telephone service provider facilities.
Ethernet
A 100-Mbps technology based on the 10BASE-T Ethernet CSMA/CD network access method to accomodate the operation of local area networks (LANs).
Ethernet Local Area Network (ELAN)
A connection-less Switched Ethernet Service (SES) that allows connectivity among multiple customer-designated locations within a LATA. With the ELAN service type, SES helps to protect data privacy by using closed user groups (CUGs), also known as virtual LANs. CUGs or virtual LANs are used to enhance traffic separation, privacy and security between customers on the shared switch and backbone. Subscribers in a CUG can only access their own data. An ELAN domain is comprised of any number of access lines designated by the customer to be included in a closed user group (CUG) or virtual LAN. ELAN provides multipoint-to-multipoint connectivity among all of the customer's access lines within a given domain. Learn more.
Ethernet Private Line (EPL)
A point-to-point service that employs dedicated SONET channels over a shared SONET infrastructure. Learn more. [link to Ethernet services in Med Biz]
Ethernet Services
Ethernet Services are a fiber-based access, switching and transport service that utilizes a shared or dedicated backbone to provide customers with Ethernet LAN Interconnection among multiple sites at native LAN speeds; i.e., 10Mbps, 100Mbps and 1000Mbps (GigE). Switched Ethernet Service (SES) and Ethernet Virtual Private Line Converge Packet Access (EVPL-CPA) are layer two switched technologies that utilize bridging paths between customer sites. Ethernet Private Line (EPL) is a dedicated fiber path between two (2) locations provided over SONET facilities. Learn more.
Ethernet Virtual Private Line Converge Packet Access (EVPL-CPA)
A point-to-point or point-to-multipoint service over a shared backbone network.
Ethernet Virtual Private Line - LEC (EVPL-LEC)
A connection-oriented Switched Ethernet Service (SES) that allows for point-to-point connectivity between customer-designated locations within a LATA. With the EVPL service type, an Ethernet Virtual Circuit (EVC) establishes a virtual LAN or CUG. An EVPL domain is comprised of any number of virtual LANs designated by the customer to be included in the EVPL domain. EVPL provides point-to-point connectivity between pairs of customer's access lines, Internet virtual circuits and shared network virtual circuits within a given domain. A customer may have more than one domain within a LATA, but connections between domains are not permitted. SES may be used to access shared networks. In such cases, subscribers in a CUG can only access their own data. Learn more. [link to Ethernet services in Med Biz]
Ex Parte
Any communication addressing the merits of a particular proceeding (such as a judicial proceeding), which is made to decision-making personnel by other persons, where all parties to the proceedings are not present.
Exchange
A unit generally smaller than a LATA, established by the local exchange carrier (LEC) for the administration of communications service in a specified area (usually a city, town, or village and its environs). An exchange consists of one or more central offices together with the associated facilities used to provide communications services within that area. One or more designated exchanges comprise a given LATA.
Exchange Access
As defined in the Telecommunications Act of 1996, the offering of access to telephone exchange services or facilities for the purposes of the origination or termination of telephone toll service.
Exchange Access Signaling
The signaling system that is used by equal access end offices, to transmit originating information and address digits to the customer's premises, and verify receipt of these address digits. Features of this system include overlap outpulsing, identification of the type of call, identification of the ten-digit telephone number of the calling party, and acknowledgment with supervisory signals.
Exchange Service
All basic access line services, or any other services offered to end users which provide end users with a telephonic connection to, and a unique telephone number address on, the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), and which enable such end users to place or receive calls to all other stations on the PSTN.
Expanded Interconnection Service (EIS)
A service that provides interconnecting carriers with the capability to terminate basic fiber optic transmission facilities, including optical terminating equipment and multiplexers, at Verizon's wire centers and access tandems and interconnect those facilities with the facilities of Verizon.
Extended Area Service (EAS)
Refers to a larger than normal local telephone calling area, under specialized payment plans.
Extended Superframe (ESF)
A type of DS1 framing format that uses a framing bit of twenty-four consecutive frames to provide a 2 kilobits per second framing pattern sequence, a 4 kilobits per second data link, and a 2 kilobits per second cyclic redundancy check channel.
F
Facilities
Cables, poles, conduit, microwave, or carrier equipment, central office distributing frames, central office switching equipment, computers (both hardware and software), business machines, etc., used by a service provider to provide telecommunications services.
Facilities-Based Carriers
CLECs that own their own facilities. These facilities may be collocated in a telecommunications service provider's office. NOTE: CLECs may also lease facilities from service providers.
Facilities Management
Refers to the agreement between a wholesale customer and a telecommunications service provider to have the provider manage internal company facilities for the customer. NOTE: Facilities management does not involve transfer of facilities ownership to the service provider.
Fast Ethernet
A 100-Mbps technology based on the 10BASE-T Ethernet CSMA/CDNetwork access method for operating local area networks (LAN).
Fast Packet Services
Refers to the following high-speed data offerings: Frame Relay Service, Switched Multimegabit Data Service (SMDS) and FDDI Network Services. Fast packet applications include real-time inventory control, credit verification, gathering marketing data, and sending or receiving customer information.
Fast Packet Switching
A generic term for improved packet-switching technologies such as frame relay and cell relay. Fast-packet techniques feature less functionality than traditional X.25 packet-switching; however, they provide higher speeds and lower processing costs. The following are feature groups for Fast Packet Switching:
- Feature Group A--provides line side access to telephone company end office switches with an associated seven digit local telephone number for an Interexchange Carrier's use in originating or terminating communications.
- Feature Group B--provides trunk side access to telephone company end office switches with an associated uniform 950-XXXX access code or an Interexchange Carrier's use in originating and terminating communications.
- Feature Group D--provides trunk side access to telephone company end office switches with an associated 101XXXX access code for an Interexchange Carrier's use in originating or terminating communications; no access code is required for calls to an Interexchange Carrier over Feature Group D switched access service if the end-user's telephone number is subscribed to that Interexchange Carrier.
FDDI
Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
A federal government agency authorized by the Communications Act of 1934 to regulate interstate and international telecommunications originating in the United States. The FCC plays a role in implementing the Telecommunications Act of 1996.
Federal Universal Service Fund (FUSF)
Surcharge instituted in July 2000 as a mechanisn to recover Universal Service funding obligations as set forth in the FCC's Universal Service Order, CC Docket No. 96-45.
Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)
An ANSI-defined standard specifying a 100 Mbps token-passing network using fiber-optic cable. Uses a dual-ring architecture to provide redundancy.
Fiber Distribution Frame (FDF)
Termination point in a central office where fiber optic cable is available to the switch.
Fiber Link Around the Globe (FLAG)
An undersea fiber optic system. Using two fiber pairs, each operating at 5G bps, FLAG provides capacity along its route for 120,000 digital circuits operating at 64K bps.
Fiber-Meet
An interconnection architecture method whereby the incumbent local exchange carrier physically interconnects its network via an optical fiber interface (as opposed to an electrical interface) to the telecommunications network of a CLEC at any mutually agreed upon location.
Fiber Optics
Communications technology that uses thin filaments of glass or other transparent materials. Fiber optic technology offers extremely high transmission speeds, allowing for data-intensive services such as video on demand.
Fiber Optic Services (Verizon FiOS)
Verizon fiber-optic services offered over the fiber-to-the-premises (FTTP) network. Verizon FiOS transmits signals using hair-thin strands of glass fiber and laser-generated pulses of light. When that light reaches your premises through the Verizon network, it is converted to electric signals in a box installed outside your premises called the Optical Network Terminal or ONT. That way, it can be "read" by your telephones and computers. Information that is sent from your premises will be converted from the electrical signals to light in the ONT and transmitted out to the telephone network and the Internet. Traditional telephone service uses copper wires to transmit communications signals. Learn more.
Fiber to the Building (FTTB)
Fiber optic access to end user residence for telephone, video and other multimedia services, where several users share the same fiber termination. FTTB access typically terminates in a basement from which access to multiple end users is implemented through an in-building Digital Home Network (DHN).
Fiber to the Curb (FTTC)
Fiber optic distribution of telephony, telecommunications, and multimedia and media services such as cable TV to a point outside the customer premise.
Fiber to the Home (FTTH)
Fiber optic access to the end user residence for telephony, video and other multimedia services where each home has a direct fiber connection.
Fiber to the Premise (FTTP)
Fiber optic distribution of telephony, telecommunications, and multimedia and media services such as cable TV to a point outside the customer premise.
Field Technician
The Verizon employee responsible for installation, repair and maintenance of the outside Verizon network.
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
A file sharing protocol used as follows:
- In LAN technology for user authentication, file transfer, list directories of the foreign host, etc.
- As an Internet tool for accessing file archives from around the world that are linked to the Internet.
FiOS
FirmRate Advantage
One of Verizon's long distance plans, FirmRate Advantage offers one flat rate for outbound domestic calls (1+ dialing), inbound toll-free calls (direct-dialed), and calling card calls, no matter where or when the call is made. Learn more.
FirmRate Plus
One of Verizon's long distance plans, FirmRate Plus offers one low rate for all state-to-state direct-dialed domestic long distance calls, no matter where or when the call is made. Learn more.
First Point of Switching
The first telephone service provider location at which switching occurs on the terminating path of a call originating from the customer premises to the terminating end office. Also, the last telephone service provider location at which switching occurs. Also known as an Entry Switch.
FLAG
Flat Rate
A method of pricing a service. Flat rate offers a fixed monthly charge to a subscriber for unlimited local calls. In some states, a consumer may have a choice between flat rate and measured service.
Flat Rate Local Calling Service
One of Verizon's local calling plans, Flat Rate Local Calling Service provides unlimited local calls within a designated local calling area for one flat monthly rate. A local calling area includes a home location and any EAS (Extended Area Service) locations that are available for that area. Regional toll calls (outside the local area, but within regional boundaries) are billed separately per minute. Learn more.
FlexDistance
One of Verizon's long distance plans, FlexDistance offers one rate for in-state and state-to-state calls. Choices cover nine minimum spending levels. Learn more.
FlexGrow/T1
FlexGrow®/T1 allows you to integrate your voice and data services into one platform, so it's easier to manage and upgrade. This versatile package allows you to choose and customize the communications services and features you need for your business - high-speed Internet access, voice and data lines, and voice features. FlexGrow/T1 can be adjusted for four different speeds and channel settings. Verizon provides an Integrated Access Device (IAD) for easy upgrades. To add functionality, Verizon slides a circuit card into the IAD. Verizon retains responsibility for the entire circuit and maintains the IAD and the T1 line. Learn more.
Flexible Automatic Number Identification (Flexible ANI)
An optional feature or Basic Service Element (BSE) that provides additional values for the information indicator digits available with the ANI feature on originating calls; these additional digits identify the type of line that is originating the call for billing, screening and routing purposes.
Footprint
The area in which a specific transmission can be received. Some footprints, such as those of satellite or cell systems, cover as much as one-third of the earth.
Foreign Exchange (FX) Service
Provides telephone service from a central office that is "foreign" to the local calling area. Typically used when a telephone presence is required in a location where no personnel are located.
Frame
A logical grouping of information sent as a link-layer unit over a transmission medium. The terms, packet, datagram, segment and message are also used to describe logical information groupings at various layers of the OSI Reference Model, and in various technology circles.
Frame Relay
High-performance interface or packet-switched networks. Considered more efficient than X.25 (which it is expected to replace). Frame relay technology can handle "bursty" communications that have rapidly changing bandwidth requirements. Learn more.
Frame Switch
A device, similar to a bridge, which forwards frames based on the frame's Layer 2 address (OSI Reference Model). Frame switches are generally of two basic forms: cut-through switch (for on-the-fly switching), or store and forward switching. LAN switches such as Ethernet, token ring, and FDDI switches are all examples of frame switches.
FTTB
FTTC
FTTH
FTTP
FUSF
G
Gateway
The entrance and exit to a communications network or system; a device or set of functions that facilitate electronic access by users to remote services or systems and vice versa. In data networks, gateways are typically a network node that connects otherwise incompatible networks. Gateways are commonly used to connect computers on one network, say a token-ring network, with those on a long-distance network. A gateway may be used to interface between two incompatible electronic mail systems or for transferring files from one system to another.
General Claims
Claims that cover more than one working telephone number.
Ground-Start (GS) Signaling
A type of switched access line supervisory signaling in which the network provides a battery source. To initiate a call, CPE equipment provides a ground on the ring lead. The ring ground causes DC current to flow, which the local switching system will interpret as a signal to provide dial tone.
Grandfathered Equipment
Telecommunications equipment, not registered with the FCC that was directly connected to the telephone network prior to the formalized FCC registration program.
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
Computer interface that lets users access programs and enter data by using a mouse; considered to be user-friendly.
Group Address
A single address that refers to multiple network devices. Also known as Multicast Address.
GUI
H
Hierarchical Routing
Routing based on a hierarchical addressing system. IP routing algorithms use IP addresses, for example, which contain network numbers, host numbers, and frequently, subnet numbers.
High-Bit Rate Digital Subscriber Line (HDSL)
A transmission technology that transmits over two twisted cable pairs up to a DS1-level signal, using any one of the following line codes: Binary / 1 Quaternary (2B1Q) Carrierless AM/PM, Discrete Multitone ("DMT"), or Binary / 1 Octel ("3BO").
High-Capacity Link
A two-point digital channel, which provides for simultaneous two-way transmission of serial, bipolar, return-to-zero, isochronous digital signals at a transmission speed of 1.544 megabits per second.
High Capacity Switched Access Transport
Dedicated transport service that sends large volumes of voice and/or data at 1.544 Megabits per second or higher. Also known as High Capacity Service.
High Speed Data (HSD)
Interface normally using V.35 or EIA53 standards.
Verizon High Speed Internet for Business
Verizon High Speed Internet for Business is a modem technology that turns your existing phone line into a three-channel data delivery system. One channel transmits voice and fax services, regardless of whether you are accessing the Internet. The remaining downstream and upstream channels carry information to and from the Internet. There are modems at each end of the phone line. One modem is in your location, while the other is in the telephone company central office. Working together, the modems provide a dedicated connection that avoids the need to dial-up for access.
There are multiple download/upload speed packages available: 1.5M/384K, and 3M/768K. A 7.1M/768K package is also available in selected markets. The actual throughput (download) speeds you experience will vary and be lower than the connection speed after accounting for several factors, including the length and condition of your telephone line, the condition of wiring inside your location, computer configuration, network or Internet congestion and the server and router speeds of Web sites you access. Learn more.
High Speed Serial Interface (HSSI)
Standard for a serial interface at high speeds (64 Kbps and higher up to 52 Mbps) between DTE and DCE equipment over very short distances. Used for a physical connection between a router and a DSU.
Hosted IP Centrex
One of Verizon's VoIP offerings, Hosted IP Centrex is designed for customers that want all the features of a PBX or Key system without the associated capital, lease, or maintenance costs. Complete PBX functionality - a full suite of features and routing intelligence - resides in the Verizon network. Learn more. See also Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP).
Hot Cut
Near-simultaneous disconnection of a Verizon working loop from a port on one carrier's switch, and the reconnection of that loop to a port on a different carrier's switch, without any significant out-of-service period.
HSSI
Hub
The point on a network where several circuits are connected; also, a network switching node.
I
ILEC
Impulse Noise
Any momentary occurrence of noise on a channel that significantly exceeds the normal noise peaks. Impulse noise is analyzed by counting the number of occurrences that exceed a threshold.
Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier (ILEC)
In the Telecommunications Act of 1996 with respect to an area, the Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier is defined as the Local Exchange Carrier that, on the date of enactment of the Act, provided telephone exchange service in that area; for example, Verizon.
Independent Telephone Company
A Local Exchange Carrier other than a Regional Bell Operating Company.
Inside Wiring
Telephone wiring on the customer's side of the rate demarcation point, the point located on the subscriber's side of the telephone company's protector or other device serving the same purpose. For residences, the protector is usually located at the point where the telephone lines enter the house.
Inside Wiring Maintenance Plans
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
Professional organization that defines network standards.
Integrated Digital Loop Carrier
A subscriber loop carrier system that integrates within the switch, generally at a DS1 level, twenty-four local link (loop) voice-grade equivalent transmission paths combined into a 1.544 megabits per second digital signal.
Integrated Access
Integrated Access packages from Verizon integrate voice and data communications services into one easy-to-manage platform. See FlexGrow/T1 or T1 Integrated Data and Voice.
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
A widely available high bandwidth switched network service providing end-to-end digital connectivity over standard phone lines for simultaneous transmission of voice and data. There are two levels of service:
- Basic Rate Interface-ISDN (BRI-ISDN)--provides for digital transmission of two 64 kbps bearer channels and one 16 kbps data and signaling channel (2B+D).
- Primary Rate Interface-ISDN (PRI-ISDN)--provides for digital transmission of twenty-three (23) 64 kbps bearer channels and one (1) 64 kbps data and signaling channel (23 B+D). Integrated Services Digital Network User Part The part of SS7 that comprises the signaling functions necessary to provide voice and non-voice services in ISDN and pre-ISDN architectures.
Intelligent Network
A telecommunications network offering enhanced facilities such as freephone, premium rate information services, call distribution services (for example, according to the geographical origin of the call), alternate call billing (sometimes provided through the use of personal calling cards), and virtual private network services. The intelligence to support these facilities is provided through specialized network nodes and telecommunications switches.
IntelliLight Broadband Transport (IBT)
A SONET-based point-to-point service providing high bandwidth interfaces over shared SONET infrastructure facilities.
Intellilight Optical Transport Service
An Optical Networking Solution using Wavelength Division Multiplexing technologies WDM.
IntellLight Shared Dual Path
A Private Line service with dual paths transported over multiple shared, self-healing SONET rings.
IntelliLight Shared Single Path
A Private Line service, which is provided using a shared network SONET infrastructure.
IntelliMux Service
A service whereby customers can reconfigure a specific voice grade, DDS and/or individual channels within a High Capacity DS1 service connected at a digital cross-connect system.
Interconnection
As described in the Telecommunications Act of 1996 Interconnection refers to the connection of separate pieces of equipment or transmission facilities within, between or among networks. For example, Interconnection includes Collocation arrangements, entrance facilities, Mid-Span Fiber Meet arrangements, etc.
Interconnection Agreement
An agreement between Verizon and a Carrier that provides for interconnection, collocation, resale, network elements, and ancillary services between the parties. The Interconnection Agreement is entered into under the terms of Section 251 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996.
Interconnection Facility
The physical connection of equipment, transmission facilities, etc., within, between and among networks, for transmission and routing of exchange service and exchange access.
Interconnection Point
The physical point on the network where two parties interconnect. The interconnection point is the demarcation point between ownership of the transmission facility and the outside network.
Interexchange Carrier or Interexchange Common Carrier
A telecommunications service provider authorized by the FCC to provide interstate long distance communications services between LATAs, and authorized by the State to provide long distance communications services. An Interexchange Carrier provides, directly or indirectly, interLATA or intraLATA telephone toll services. May be an individual, partnership, association, joint-stock company, trust, governmental entity or corporation engaged for hi